Svalbox DMDb: A Unique Collection of Arctic Field Geology Data and Models

The Arctic is one of the most remote and challenging regions on Earth for geologists to study. The harsh climate, the limited accessibility, and the rapid environmental changes make it difficult to conduct field work and collect data.

However, the Arctic also holds a wealth of geological information that can help us understand the history and evolution of our planet, as well as the impacts of climate change on its ecosystems and resources.

One way to overcome the obstacles of Arctic field geology is to use digital technologies to create and share three-dimensional models of geologic outcrops.

These models, known as digital outcrop models (DOMs), are virtual representations of the rock formations that can be viewed and analyzed on a computer or a mobile device.

DOMs can be created using various methods, such as photogrammetry, laser scanning, or drone imagery.

Benefits of digitizing outcrops

(Photo : OLIVIER MORIN/AFP via Getty Images)

Digitizing outcrops has several benefits for geologists and other stakeholders:

Accessibility

Digitized outcrops can be accessed remotely, allowing researchers to study them without having to physically travel to the site. This can save time, money, and reduce the environmental impact of field work.

Digitized outcrops can also be shared with other scientists, students, educators, and the public, increasing the visibility and impact of geological research.

Accuracy

Digital tools can capture more detailed and accurate information about the outcrop than traditional methods, such as sketching or measuring. Digital models can also preserve the original appearance and condition of the outcrop, which may change over time due to weathering, erosion, or human activities.

Analysis

Digital models can be integrated with other types of geoscientific data, such as geochemistry, geophysics, or paleontology. This can enable more comprehensive and multidisciplinary studies of the outcrop and its context. 

They can also be used for various types of analysis, such as measuring distances, angles, orientations, volumes, or surfaces; identifying features, structures, or patterns; or simulating processes, such as deformation, fluid flow, or heat transfer.

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Examples of digitizing outcrops in the Arctic

One example of a project that uses digital technologies to make Arctic field geology accessible is the Svalbox Digital Model Database (DMDb).

The Svalbox DMDb is a regional database that collates 135 DOMs from the Svalbard archipelago, located north of Norway halfway to the North Pole and well within the Arctic Circle.

The Svalbard archipelago is a remote geological wonderland that showcases a variety of rock types, structures, and processes from different geological periods.

The Svalbox DMDb was created by a team of researchers from Norway and other countries who used drones to collect images of the outcrops.

The images were then processed using photogrammetry software to generate 3D models. The models were integrated with other geoscientific data and metadata and made freely available online through a web portal.

The Svalbox DMDb follows the FAIR principles (i.e., findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) to ensure that the data are traceable and citable.

The Svalbox DMDb provides a unique resource for all geoscientists working in the archipelago, as well as a great teaching aid.

Its digital outcrop models complement traditional field work by extending the field season indefinitely and expanding scientists' reach to sites that are not accessible through traditional field work, as well as allowing them to better prepare for upcoming expeditions.

Another example of a project that uses digital technologies to make Arctic field geology accessible is the Arctic Geology Virtual Field Trip.

The Arctic Geology Virtual Field Trip is an online course that introduces students to the geology of Alaska and Greenland through interactive 3D models of outcrops.

The course was developed by a team of researchers from the University of Alaska Fairbanks and Dartmouth College who used laser scanning and drone imagery to create DOMs of selected sites.

The course covers topics such as plate tectonics, mountain building, volcanism, glaciation, sedimentation, metamorphism, mineral resources, and climate change.

The course also teaches students how to use digital tools to explore and analyze DOMs.

The course is designed for undergraduate students who have some background in geology but do not have access to field trips or Arctic regions.

The Arctic Geology Virtual Field Trip provides an opportunity for students to learn about the geology of two important Arctic regions without leaving their homes.

The course also demonstrates how digital technologies can enhance geological education and outreach.

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