Leopard Shark Belly Color Adapts To Different Environments Through Genetic and Environmental Mechanisms

Leopard sharks are a common sight in the shallow waters off the coast of Southern California. These sleek predators are known for their distinctive black and white markings, but they also have another trick up their sleeves: flashing their white bellies.

For years, scientists have been puzzled by this behavior. Some have speculated that it may be a form of communication, while others have suggested that it could be a way to attract prey or intimidate predators.

Now, a group of student researchers are on the case, trying to uncover the reason behind this behavior.

How do leopard sharks flash their bellies?

(Photo : ANTONY DICKSON/AFP via Getty Images)

Leopard sharks are normally found on the bottom of the ocean, where they feed on crabs, clams, worms, and fish.

They have a dark brown or gray back and a white belly, which helps them blend in with their surroundings.

However, when they swim near the surface, they sometimes flip on their backs and expose their white bellies to the sun. This behavior is called flashing, and it has been observed by both drone cameras and snorkelers.

One of the scientists who has been studying this behavior is Andrew Nosal, an associate professor of biology at Point Loma Nazarene University.

He has been using drones and computer software to track and count the leopard sharks that gather each summer at La Jolla Shores, a popular beach in San Diego.

He has found that leopard sharks flash their bellies more often when they are in shallow water and in large groups.

Nosal has also noticed that leopard sharks flash their bellies more frequently when they are pregnant.

Leopard sharks are ovoviviparous, which means that they give birth to live young after carrying them inside their bodies for about 10 months.

During this time, they need to keep their body temperature high to ensure the development of their embryos.

Nosal thinks that flashing their bellies may be a way for leopard sharks to regulate their body temperature by absorbing heat from the sun or cooling off in the water.

Also Read: Great White Sharks Show Color-Changing Ability to Camouflage 

Why do leopard sharks flash their bellies?

The exact purpose of flashing behavior is still unknown, but Nosal and his students have some hypotheses.

One possibility is that flashing is a form of communication among leopard sharks. By showing their white bellies, they may be able to signal to other sharks that they are ready to mate, or that they have found a good source of food.

Another possibility is that flashing is a form of camouflage or defense. When viewed from below, a shark's white belly blends in with the bright surface of the water, making it harder for predators to spot them.

Flashing may also scare away potential threats by showing them the shark's size and strength.

To test these hypotheses, Nosal and his students are conducting experiments with artificial shark models and underwater cameras.

They are also collaborating with other researchers from California State University, Long Beach, who are studying leopard sharks in other locations along the coast.

By comparing the data from different sites and seasons, they hope to find patterns and clues that will reveal the meaning of flashing behavior.

Nosal and his students are not only interested in solving the mystery of the flashing leopard sharks but also in learning more about these animals and their role in the ecosystem.

Leopard sharks are an important part of the marine food web, as they prey on smaller animals and provide food for larger ones.

They are also an indicator of environmental health, as they are sensitive to changes in water quality and temperature.

By studying leopard sharks, Nosal and his students hope to contribute to the conservation and management of these species and their habitats.

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